A-LEVEL系列又出干货啦,今天为大家送上的是A-LEVEL数学——微积分之切线法线。
1、 Two forms of Equation of lines(直线方程的两种常见形式):
a. Point-slope Form of a line(点斜式):
m is called slope or gradient of this line,is any point on this line.
M是直线的斜率,是这条直线上任意一点。
b. Slope-Intercept Form of a line(斜截式):
The graph of the function is a line whose slope is m and y-intercept is (0, b).
直线的斜率是m,y截距为b。
两种形式的直线方程在本质上都可以代表某条直线,只是表现形式不同,点斜式适合已知一个点与直线斜率的情况,斜截式可以一眼看出直线的斜率与截距。中国同学普遍对斜截式更熟悉,在微积分的体系内,求直线方程的时候点斜式会更便捷。
2. Tangent lines & normal lines(切线与法线)
The normal to a curve at a particular point is the straight line which is at right angles to the tangent at that point,for perpendicular lines, m1m2 = −1.
曲线上某点的法线的斜率与通过该点的切线垂直,两条直线垂直,斜率的乘积为-1。
切线方程
Find the equation of the tangent line on f(x) at x=x₁,求过函数f(x)图像上某点x₁切线方程。
m is the gradient of this point, which could be determined by derivative.
m 是图像上在x为x₁时的切线斜率,可通过求导来求出该点的斜率。
法线方程
Find the equation of the normal line on f(x) at x=x₁,过函数f(x)图像上某点x₁线方程。
两条直线垂直,斜率的乘积为-1,所以法线的斜率是切线斜率的负倒数。
Example 1 (求切线)
Example 2(求法线)
以上A-LEVEL微积分之切线法线题同学们都理解了嘛?